In southern Italy, a 3 km² research area was studied using object-based geomorphometry and precise flow measurements — aiming to better understand hydrological signatures and source zones.
As part of a research project, an innovative approach to hydro-geomorphological analysis was tested in southern Italy. The goal was to classify a complex catchment better using object-based geomorphometry to precisely understand hydrological responses and flood patterns.
Over three years, daily and sub-hourly data on flow and electrical conductivity were collected. Analysis with so-called chemographs revealed a pronounced seasonal dynamic and helped distinguish different flow components such as base flow, surface, and interflow.
Based on these analyses, hydrochemical signatures indicative of flood or heavy rainfall events were identified.
In addition to long-term measurements, water level and flow data were recorded during a targeted heavy rainfall event. The aim was to assign specific source zones to the respective geomorphological type — e.g., point sources, diffuse slope flows, or exfiltration along the riverbank corridor.
The classification was carried out using an object-oriented mapping process with the GIS tool eCognition (Trimble Inc.). The identified “Hydro-Geomorpho-Types” could be mapped and compared with the measurement data.
The combination of geomorphometric object classification and precise flow measurement provides valuable data for characterizing complex Mediterranean catchments. Such approaches help better understand flood potentials — and form the basis for regional water management and risk prevention.